El Niño is defined as warmer than normal sea-surface temperatures (SST) in the tropical Pacific Ocean that impact global weather patterns. El Nino is not “Fernando Torres” a famous soccer player, whois meant here, isa disaster. El Nino causes many negative effects for the world, such as:
1. Weather change.
2. Natural disaster.
3. Economy Crisis.
El Niño affects the weather in large parts of the world. The affects depend strongly on the place and the season. The strongest effects on precipitation are in South-East Asia and the western Pacific Ocean, especially in the dry season (August-November). There are temperature effects throughout most of the tropics. In boreal winter the effects are most wide-spread: from southern Africa to eastern Russia and most of the Americas.
Somewhere, some scientists have expressed concern that the El Niño event we are currently experiencing may turn out to be the "climate disaster of the century". By mid-year the eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures were certainly warmer than at any similar time in a previous El Niño event this century. Already it seems to have had major effects on the Peruvian fisheries, as well as causing severe drought and frosts in Papua New Guinea. Drought in Indonesia has led to sever forest fires.
While economic impacts tend to cancel each other out at the national level, El Niño does cause real economic losses such as storm damage or crop losses, which are not offset by gains elsewhere. These are losses that can't be prevented or reduced by a better forecast or mitigation. For example, on average, El Niño results in agricultural losses approaching $2 billion, or nearly 1-2 percent of total crop output. In the 1997-98 El Niño, property losses were estimated at nearly $2.6 billion. Fortunately, these real losses are generally a small fraction of the economic impacts of El Niño. In California, prior to the 1997-1998 El Niño, this state's emergency management agencies and FEMA spent an estimated $165 million preparing for storms and heavy rain. Actual storm losses in the 1997-1998 El Niño were $1.1 billion, compared to $2.2 billion in the large 1982-1983 El Niño. Although portions of the $1.1 billion difference are due to different intensities and durations of stormiest during each El Niño, a significant part of the savings came from heightened preparedness.
There are many countries get the effect of El Niño. "It's the poorest countries that respond to El Niño with violence," said study co-author Mark Cane, a climate scientist at Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. The study does not predict how the El Niño cycle might change in a warmer world, but Cane said climate change might make the Earth "more El Nino-like. "What (the study) does show, beyond any doubt, is that even in this modern world, climate variations have an impact on the propensity of people to fight," Cane said. "And it is frankly difficult to see why that won't carry over to a world that is disrupted by global warming."
References:
abc.net.au. - . El- Nino of Droughts and Flooding Rains . Available at:
http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/elnino/story.htm . Accessed on: 27thOctober 2011.
knmi.nl . - .Effect of El Nino in World Weather.Available at :http://www.knmi.nl/research/global_climate/enso/effects/ ; Accessed on: 27thOctober 2011.
reuters.com .Wed Aug 24, 2011.El Nino doubles risk of civil wars. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/24/. Accessed on : Sunday 09th October 2011.
spacedaily.com . - . The Economic Impacts of An El- Nino. Available at: http://www.spacedaily.com/news/pacific-02g.html . Accessed on : 27thOctober 2011.
wrh.noaa.gov . - . What is El Nino? . Available at: http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/fgz/science/elnino.php?wfo=fgz . Accessed on: 27thOctober 2011.
1. Weather change.
2. Natural disaster.
3. Economy Crisis.
El Niño affects the weather in large parts of the world. The affects depend strongly on the place and the season. The strongest effects on precipitation are in South-East Asia and the western Pacific Ocean, especially in the dry season (August-November). There are temperature effects throughout most of the tropics. In boreal winter the effects are most wide-spread: from southern Africa to eastern Russia and most of the Americas.
Somewhere, some scientists have expressed concern that the El Niño event we are currently experiencing may turn out to be the "climate disaster of the century". By mid-year the eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures were certainly warmer than at any similar time in a previous El Niño event this century. Already it seems to have had major effects on the Peruvian fisheries, as well as causing severe drought and frosts in Papua New Guinea. Drought in Indonesia has led to sever forest fires.
While economic impacts tend to cancel each other out at the national level, El Niño does cause real economic losses such as storm damage or crop losses, which are not offset by gains elsewhere. These are losses that can't be prevented or reduced by a better forecast or mitigation. For example, on average, El Niño results in agricultural losses approaching $2 billion, or nearly 1-2 percent of total crop output. In the 1997-98 El Niño, property losses were estimated at nearly $2.6 billion. Fortunately, these real losses are generally a small fraction of the economic impacts of El Niño. In California, prior to the 1997-1998 El Niño, this state's emergency management agencies and FEMA spent an estimated $165 million preparing for storms and heavy rain. Actual storm losses in the 1997-1998 El Niño were $1.1 billion, compared to $2.2 billion in the large 1982-1983 El Niño. Although portions of the $1.1 billion difference are due to different intensities and durations of stormiest during each El Niño, a significant part of the savings came from heightened preparedness.
There are many countries get the effect of El Niño. "It's the poorest countries that respond to El Niño with violence," said study co-author Mark Cane, a climate scientist at Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. The study does not predict how the El Niño cycle might change in a warmer world, but Cane said climate change might make the Earth "more El Nino-like. "What (the study) does show, beyond any doubt, is that even in this modern world, climate variations have an impact on the propensity of people to fight," Cane said. "And it is frankly difficult to see why that won't carry over to a world that is disrupted by global warming."
References:
abc.net.au. - . El- Nino of Droughts and Flooding Rains . Available at:
http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/elnino/story.htm . Accessed on: 27thOctober 2011.
knmi.nl . - .Effect of El Nino in World Weather.Available at :http://www.knmi.nl/research/global_climate/enso/effects/ ; Accessed on: 27thOctober 2011.
reuters.com .Wed Aug 24, 2011.El Nino doubles risk of civil wars. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/24/. Accessed on : Sunday 09th October 2011.
spacedaily.com . - . The Economic Impacts of An El- Nino. Available at: http://www.spacedaily.com/news/pacific-02g.html . Accessed on : 27thOctober 2011.
wrh.noaa.gov . - . What is El Nino? . Available at: http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/fgz/science/elnino.php?wfo=fgz . Accessed on: 27thOctober 2011.
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